Parsing a postgres array can be a tricky problem, he's my take on this, it handles multi-dimensional arrays plus escaping using a nasty regexp to determine the limits of each data-item.
<?php
function pg_array_parse( $text, &$output, $limit = false, $offset = 1 )
{
if( false === $limit )
{
$limit = strlen( $text )-1;
$output = array();
}
if( '{}' != $text )
do
{
if( '{' != $text{$offset} )
{
preg_match( "/(\\{?\"([^\"\\\\]|\\\\.)*\"|[^,{}]+)+([,}]+)/", $text, $match, 0, $offset );
$offset += strlen( $match[0] );
$output[] = ( '"' != $match[1]{0} ? $match[1] : stripcslashes( substr( $match[1], 1, -1 ) ) );
if( '},' == $match[3] ) return $offset;
}
else $offset = pg_array_parse( $text, $output[], $limit, $offset+1 );
}
while( $limit > $offset );
return $output;
}
?>
PostgreSQL Функции
Примечания
Замечание: Не все функции могут поддерживаться в собранном модуле. Это зависит от версии вашей libpq (клиентская библиотека PostgreSQL) и как libpq была собрана. Если расширение PostgreSQL для PHP отсутствует, то это значит, что версия вашей libpq не поддерживается.
Замечание: Большинство функций PostgreSQL принимают connection в качестве первого необязательного параметра. Если параметр отсутствует, то используется последнее открытое соединение. Если же такого не существует, то функция возвращает FALSE.
Замечание: PostgreSQL автоматически переводит все идентификаторы (такие, как имена таблиц/столбцов) в нижний регистр во время создания объекта и выполнения запроса. Для того, чтобы заставить использовать идентификаторы в обоих или только в верехнем регистрах, вы должны экранировать идентификатор через двойные кавычки ("").
Замечание: В PostgreSQL нет специальных команд для выбора информации о схеме (к примеру, все таблицы выбранной базы данных). Но вместо этого в версиях PostgreSQL 7.4 и выше существует стандартная схема, которая называется information_schema. Она содержит системные представления (view) со всей необходимой информацией в легко доступной форме. Для дополнительной информации см. » PostgreSQL Documentation
Содержание
- pg_affected_rows — Returns number of affected records (tuples)
- pg_cancel_query — Cancel an asynchronous query
- pg_client_encoding — Gets the client encoding
- pg_close — Closes a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_connect — Open a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_connection_busy — Get connection is busy or not
- pg_connection_reset — Reset connection (reconnect)
- pg_connection_status — Get connection status
- pg_convert — Convert associative array values into suitable for SQL statement
- pg_copy_from — Insert records into a table from an array
- pg_copy_to — Copy a table to an array
- pg_dbname — Get the database name
- pg_delete — Deletes records
- pg_end_copy — Sync with PostgreSQL backend
- pg_escape_bytea — Escape a string for insertion into a bytea field
- pg_escape_string — Escape a string for insertion into a text field
- pg_execute — Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, and waits for the result.
- pg_fetch_all_columns — Fetches all rows in a particular result column as an array
- pg_fetch_all — Fetches all rows from a result as an array
- pg_fetch_array — Fetch a row as an array
- pg_fetch_assoc — Fetch a row as an associative array
- pg_fetch_object — Fetch a row as an object
- pg_fetch_result — Returns values from a result resource
- pg_fetch_row — Get a row as an enumerated array
- pg_field_is_null — Test if a field is SQL NULL
- pg_field_name — Returns the name of a field
- pg_field_num — Returns the field number of the named field
- pg_field_prtlen — Returns the printed length
- pg_field_size — Returns the internal storage size of the named field
- pg_field_table — Returns the name or oid of the tables field
- pg_field_type_oid — Returns the type ID (OID) for the corresponding field number
- pg_field_type — Returns the type name for the corresponding field number
- pg_free_result — Free result memory
- pg_get_notify — Gets SQL NOTIFY message
- pg_get_pid — Gets the backend's process ID
- pg_get_result — Get asynchronous query result
- pg_host — Returns the host name associated with the connection
- pg_insert — Insert array into table
- pg_last_error — Get the last error message string of a connection
- pg_last_notice — Returns the last notice message from PostgreSQL server
- pg_last_oid — Returns the last row's OID
- pg_lo_close — Close a large object
- pg_lo_create — Create a large object
- pg_lo_export — Export a large object to file
- pg_lo_import — Import a large object from file
- pg_lo_open — Open a large object
- pg_lo_read_all — Reads an entire large object and send straight to browser
- pg_lo_read — Read a large object
- pg_lo_seek — Seeks position within a large object
- pg_lo_tell — Returns current seek position a of large object
- pg_lo_unlink — Delete a large object
- pg_lo_write — Write to a large object
- pg_meta_data — Get meta data for table
- pg_num_fields — Returns the number of fields in a result
- pg_num_rows — Returns the number of rows in a result
- pg_options — Get the options associated with the connection
- pg_parameter_status — Looks up a current parameter setting of the server.
- pg_pconnect — Open a persistent PostgreSQL connection
- pg_ping — Ping database connection
- pg_port — Return the port number associated with the connection
- pg_prepare — Submits a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, and waits for completion.
- pg_put_line — Send a NULL-terminated string to PostgreSQL backend
- pg_query_params — Submits a command to the server and waits for the result, with the ability to pass parameters separately from the SQL command text.
- pg_query — Execute a query
- pg_result_error_field — Returns an individual field of an error report.
- pg_result_error — Get error message associated with result
- pg_result_seek — Set internal row offset in result resource
- pg_result_status — Get status of query result
- pg_select — Select records
- pg_send_execute — Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, without waiting for the result(s).
- pg_send_prepare — Sends a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, without waiting for completion.
- pg_send_query_params — Submits a command and separate parameters to the server without waiting for the result(s).
- pg_send_query — Sends asynchronous query
- pg_set_client_encoding — Set the client encoding
- pg_set_error_verbosity — Determines the verbosity of messages returned by pg_last_error and pg_result_error.
- pg_trace — Enable tracing a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_transaction_status — Returns the current in-transaction status of the server.
- pg_tty — Return the TTY name associated with the connection
- pg_unescape_bytea — Unescape binary for bytea type
- pg_untrace — Disable tracing of a PostgreSQL connection
- pg_update — Update table
- pg_version — Returns an array with client, protocol and server version (when available)
PostgreSQL Functions
25-Mar-2009 05:12
08-Dec-2008 09:07
<?php
function pg_export_table_content() {
/*
* this function exports all contents of all tables in the file import.sql
* $pg-> = my postgres db class
*/
$tables = array();
$mytables = array();
$all_tables = $pg->query("SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public' and table_type = 'BASE TABLE';");
while($row = $pg->fetch_row($all_tables)) {
$tables[] = $row->table_name;
}
$esc[] = "value";
$esc[] = "time";
$esc[] = "order";
$esc[] = "comment";
$esc[] = "group";
$esc[] = "time";
$esc[] = "name";
$esc[] = "alter";
$esc[] = "user";
foreach($tables as $v1) {
$myqry = "select * from \"".$v1."\"";
$myres = $pg->query($myqry);
while($myrow = $pg->fetch_assoc($myres)) {
$mytables[$v1][] = $myrow;
}
}
$handle = fopen("./import.sql", "w+");
foreach($mytables as $k1 => $v1) {
foreach($v1 as $k2 => $v2) {
foreach($v2 as $k3 => $v3) {
if(in_array($k3, $esc)) {
$mycols[] = "\"".$k3."\"";
}
else {
$mycols[] = $k3;
}
$col_qry = "select column_name, data_type from information_schema.columns where table_name = '".$k1."'";
$col_res = $pg->query($col_qry);
while($col_row = $pg->fetch_assoc($col_res)) {
$mydatatypes[$col_row["column_name"]] = $col_row["data_type"];
}
if(($mydatatypes[$k3] == "integer") || ($mydatatypes[$k3] == "bigint") || ($mydatatypes[$k3] == "smallint")) {
if(empty($v3)) {
$myval[] = "NULL";
}
else {
$myval[] = $v3;
}
}
else {
$myval[] = "'".$v3."'";
}
}
$myquery = "insert into ".$k1."(".implode(",", $mycols).") VALUES (".implode(",", $myval).");";
unset($myval,$mycols);
fwrite($handle, $myquery."\n");
}
}
fclose($handle);
}
?>
28-Jul-2008 08:40
There is no need to parse a postgres array. The stored procedures should never return an array. Use SETOF instead.
22-Feb-2008 11:39
Parse a PostgreSQL array of any dimension to a PHP array.
Works great if you absolutely trust the data ;-)
<?php
function pg_array_parse($array, $asText = true) {
$s = $array;
if ($asText) {
$s = str_replace("{", "array('", $s);
$s = str_replace("}", "')", $s);
$s = str_replace(",", "','", $s);
} else {
$s = str_replace("{", "array(", $s);
$s = str_replace("}", ")", $s);
}
$s = "\$retval = $s;";
eval($s);
return $retval;
}
?>
Quick and dirty emulation of the mysql_select_db () function for Postgres:
<?php
function pg_select_db ($dbName)
{
$query = '\connect '.pg_escape_string ($dbName);
if ($result = pg_query ($query))
return (true);
else
return (false);
}
?>
Obviously not a great example, but it at least demonstrates how to implement mysql_select_db functionality when using Postgres. Or you could always use schemas :)
Chris KL: Will parse well {"\\"}? The second " will be treat as escaped while it shoudn't...
Lots of advice on stored procedures didn't work for me. This did:
<?php
$response = pg_query( $connection, "BEGIN; DECLARE s CURSOR FOR SELECT get_consumer('harry'); FETCH ALL IN s; END;" );
?>
..where harry looks like this:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_consumer( varchar )
RETURNS refcursor
AS '
DECLARE
_name ALIAS FOR $1;
r refcursor;
BEGIN
OPEN r FOR SELECT name FROM consumer
WHERE
consumer.name = _name
;
RETURN r;
END
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
11-Nov-2005 01:17
Here is a better array parser for PHP. It will work with 1-d arrays only. Unlike the example below it will work in all cases.
/**
* Change a db array into a PHP array
* @param $arr String representing the DB array
* @return A PHP array
*/
function phpArray($dbarr) {
// Take off the first and last characters (the braces)
$arr = substr($dbarr, 1, strlen($dbarr) - 2);
// Pick out array entries by carefully parsing. This is necessary in order
// to cope with double quotes and commas, etc.
$elements = array();
$i = $j = 0;
$in_quotes = false;
while ($i < strlen($arr)) {
// If current char is a double quote and it's not escaped, then
// enter quoted bit
$char = substr($arr, $i, 1);
if ($char == '"' && ($i == 0 || substr($arr, $i - 1, 1) != '\\'))
$in_quotes = !$in_quotes;
elseif ($char == ',' && !$in_quotes) {
// Add text so far to the array
$elements[] = substr($arr, $j, $i - $j);
$j = $i + 1;
}
$i++;
}
// Add final text to the array
$elements[] = substr($arr, $j);
// Do one further loop over the elements array to remote double quoting
// and escaping of double quotes and backslashes
for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($elements); $i++) {
$v = $elements[$i];
if (strpos($v, '"') === 0) {
$v = substr($v, 1, strlen($v) - 2);
$v = str_replace('\\"', '"', $v);
$v = str_replace('\\\\', '\\', $v);
$elements[$i] = $v;
}
}
return $elements;
}
12-Oct-2005 12:09
Here is some quick and dirty code to convert Postgres-returned arrays into PHP arrays. There's probably a billion bugs, but since I'm only dealing with variable-depth-and-length arrays of integers, it works for my needs.
Most notably, any data that might have commas in it won't work right...
<?php
function PGArrayToPHPArray($pgArray)
{
$ret = array();
$stack = array(&$ret);
$pgArray = substr($pgArray, 1, -1);
$pgElements = explode(",", $pgArray);
ArrayDump($pgElements);
foreach($pgElements as $elem)
{
if(substr($elem,-1) == "}")
{
$elem = substr($elem,0,-1);
$newSub = array();
while(substr($elem,0,1) != "{")
{
$newSub[] = $elem;
$elem = array_pop($ret);
}
$newSub[] = substr($elem,1);
$ret[] = array_reverse($newSub);
}
else
$ret[] = $elem;
}
return $ret;
}
?>
06-Jun-2005 04:45
Setting up PostgreSQL for higher security PHP connection.
Case:
We want to connect to PostgreSQL database using username and password supplied by webuser at login time.
Fact (Linux):
Apache (perhaps other servers, too) running the server as (default to) apache user account. So if you connect to PostgreSQL using default user, apache will be assingned for it. If you hard code the user and password in your PHP script, you'll loose security restriction from PostgreSQL.
Solution:
(You are assumed to have enough privilege to do these things, though)
1. Edit pg_hba.conf to have the line like the one below
host db_Name [web_server_ip_address] [ip_address_mask] md5
2. Add to you script the login page that submits username and password.
3. Use those information to login to PostgreSQL like these...
<?
$conn = "host=$DBHost port=$DBPort dbname=$DBName ".
"user='{$_POST['dbUsername']}' password='{$_POST['dbPassword']}'";
$db = pg_connect ($conn);
[your other codes go here...]
?>
4. You must add users in PostgreSQL properly.
5. For your convenience, you can store the username and password to $_SESSION variable.
Good luck.
Anis WN
21-May-2005 01:43
There is an example:
<?php
/*
* Define PostgreSQL database server connect parameters.
*/
define('PGHOST','10.0.0.218');
define('PGPORT',5432);
define('PGDATABASE','example');
define('PGUSER', 'root');
define('PGPASSWORD', 'nopass');
define('PGCLIENTENCODING','UNICODE');
define('ERROR_ON_CONNECT_FAILED','Sorry, can not connect the database server now!');
/*
* Merge connect string and connect db server with default parameters.
*/
pg_pconnect('host=' . PGHOST . ' port=' . PGPORT . ' dbname=' . PGDATABASE . ' user=' . PGUSER . ' password=' . PGPASSWORD);
/*
* generate sql statements to call db-server-side stored procedure(or function)
* @parameter string $proc stored procedure name.
* @parameter array $paras parameters, 2 dimensions array.
* @return string $sql = 'select "proc"(para1,para2,para3);'
* @example pg_prepare('userExists',
* array(
* array('userName','chin','string'),
* array('userId','7777','numeric')
* )
* )
*/
function pg_prepare($proc, $paras)
{
$sql = 'select "' . $proc . '"(';
$sql .= $paras[0][2] == 'numeric' ? $paras[0][1] : "'" . str_replace("'","''",$paras[0][1]) . "'";
$len = count($paras);
for ($i = 1; $i < $len; $i ++)
{
$sql .= ',';
$sql .= $paras[$i][2] == 'numeric' ? $paras[$i][1] : "'" . str_replace("'","''",$paras[$i][1]) . "'";
}
$sql .= ');';
return $sql;
}
?>
02-Oct-2004 01:07
Yes, PHP does support stored procedures
You have to add "select" before the name of the
procedure, just like that:
$result = pg_querry($conn, "SELECT procedure_x($aa)");
if a procedure returns a cursor you do something like that:
$result = pg_query($conn, "SELECT procedure_x('rcursor'); FETCH ALL IN rcursor");
02-Jul-2004 04:35
for just a list of tables, this works with postgresql-7.2.1:
function pg_list_tables($db) {
$sql = "select relname from pg_stat_user_tables order by relname;";
return pg_query($db, $sql);
}
26-May-2004 12:11
I've found another function to mimic the following mysql list tables function (https://doc0.ru/phpe/function.mysql-list-tables.php) that's more useful for my target:
function pg_list_tables() {
$sql = "SELECT a.relname AS Name
FROM pg_class a, pg_user b
WHERE ( relkind = 'r') and relname !~ '^pg_' AND relname !~ '^sql_'
AND relname !~ '^xin[vx][0-9]+' AND b.usesysid = a.relowner
AND NOT (EXISTS (SELECT viewname FROM pg_views WHERE viewname=a.relname));";
return(pg_query($conn, $sql));
}
31-Dec-2002 01:04
Running RedHat Linux and Apache with suexec enabled you must include pgsql.so on each .php file using dl("pgsql.so") and remove "extension=pgsql.so" from php.ini, otherwise Apache (httpd) will not start.
29-Nov-2002 05:50
I just wanted to add to my previous post I've got the system up and running.
Environment: Windows XP, Apache 1.3.23, Php 4.3 RC2, PostGreSQL beta4 native windows build
Installation was fairly easy:
1. read the readme.txt
2. edit the setenv.bat as described in readme
3. run 'initdb'
all execs are in /bin
help is accessed like <command> --help
4. Start the psql deamon - you may want to create a batch file like
'D:\postgres_beta4\bin\postmaster -h localhost -D D:/postgres_beta4/data'
--deamon should be up and running now--
You can login into a shell from a console like
'psql -h localhost -d <username>'
You must load the postgresql extension by editing the php.ini and restarting apache in order to access psql with php.
And one final not: when running
$dbconn = pg_connect ("host=localhost port=5432 dbname=$dbname user=$user");
remember that $user and or $dbname is CASESENSITIVE.
Oh yeah, I created the data dir manually - don't know whether that was necessary
Grtz Vargo
04-Feb-2002 03:46
Nice to know fact that I didn't find documented here.
PHP will return values of PostgreSQL boolean datatype as single character strings "t" and "f", not PHP true and false.
[Editor's Note]
't' or 'f' is valid boolean expression for PostgreSQL.
All values from PostgreSQL are strings, since PostgreSQL integer, float may be much larger than PHP's native int, double can handle. PostgreSQL array is not supported.
15-Sep-2001 09:11
I tried compiling PHP from source with PostgreSQL support (./configure --with-pgsql=/usr/local/pgsql) and ran into a bunch of problems when trying to 'make'. The problem was that some of the PostgreSQL headers were not installed by default when I installed PostgreSQL from source. When installing PostgreSQL make sure you 'make install-all-headers' after you 'make install'.
09-Jul-2001 11:36
The best way to find the separated list of tables, sequences, keys etc is:
SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='<value>' AND relname !~ '^pg_';
<value> takes:
i for keys,
r for relations,
S for sequences
Note that all tables names that begins with 'pg_' are PostgreSQL internal tables (this explain why I use AND relname !~ '^pg_' condition).
28-Jun-2001 01:53
I've tried to mimic the following mysql database connection functions for postgres.
https://doc0.ru/phpe/function.mysql-list-dbs.php
https://doc0.ru/phpe/function.mysql-list-tables.php
These are assuming that you're passing in $link as the result from pg_connect:
function pg_list_dbs($link)
{
$sql = 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database';
return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}
function pg_list_tables($link)
{
$sql = "SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname !~ '^pg_'";
return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}
15-Apr-2001 08:11
If you want to extract data from select statements, you need to store the result index, and then apply pg_result to that value. Basically, do this
$resultIdx = pg_query ($database, "select * from tablename");
$mySelect = pg_fetch_result($resultIdx, 0, 0); // gets column 0 of tuple 0
echo("My select: [".$mySelect."]");
I'm new to php and had to do some fiddling around to work this out. It's reasonably elementary, but not demonstrated by the examples on these pages. Hopefully it will come in useful to someone else.
02-Mar-2000 08:36
If you want to see all the objects in a database, you can find that information in the pg_class table. <BR>
SELECT * FROM pg_class;<BR>
Now this is going to be kind of long and complex, to see how psql command handles the \d and other things. use the syntax. psql -E <Database>, ie psql -E mydatabase <BR>
What this will do is show the SQL command used for everything. So when you type a \d or something, it shows the SQL query used for the result.